Saturday, September 14, 2019
The Host Chapter 57: Completed
It was a small tribunal this time, not like the trial for Kyle's life. Ian brought only Jeb, Doc, and Jared. He knew without having to be told that Jamie must not be allowed anywhere near these proceedings. Melanie would have to give that goodbye for me. I couldn't face that, not with Jamie. I didn't care if it was cowardly of me. I wouldn't do it. Just one blue lamp, one dim circle of light on the stone floor. We sat on the edge of the ring of light; I was alone, the four men facing me. Jeb had even brought his gun-as if it were a gavel and would make this more official. The smell of sulfur brought back the painful days of my mourning; there were some memories that I would not regret losing when I was gone. ââ¬Å"How is she?â⬠I asked Doc urgently as they settled in, before they could get started. This tribunal was a waste of my small store of time. I was worried about more important things. ââ¬Å"Which one?â⬠he responded in a weary voice. I stared at him for a few seconds, and then my eyes grew wide. ââ¬Å"Sunny's gone? Already?â⬠ââ¬Å"Kyle thought it was cruel to make her suffer longer. She wasâ⬠¦ unhappy.â⬠ââ¬Å"I wish I could have said goodbye,â⬠I murmured to myself. ââ¬Å"And good luck. How is Jodi?â⬠ââ¬Å"No response yet.â⬠ââ¬Å"The Healer's body?â⬠ââ¬Å"Trudy took her away. I think they went to get her something to eat. They're working on finding a temporary name she likes, so we can call her something besides the body.â⬠He smiled wryly. ââ¬Å"She'll be fine. I'm sure she will,â⬠I said, trying to believe the words. ââ¬Å"And Jodi, too. It will all work out.â⬠No one called me on my lies. They knew I was saying this for myself. Doc sighed. ââ¬Å"I don't want to be away from Jodi long. She might need something.â⬠ââ¬Å"Right,â⬠I agreed. ââ¬Å"Let's get this over with.â⬠The quicker the better. Because it didn't matter what was said here; Doc had agreed to my terms. And yet there was some stupid part of me that hopedâ⬠¦ hoped that there was a solution that would make everything perfect and let me stay with Ian and Mel with Jared in a way that absolutely no one would suffer for. Best to crush that impossible hope quickly. ââ¬Å"Okay,â⬠Jeb said. ââ¬Å"Wanda, what's your side?â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm giving Melanie back.â⬠Firm, short-no reasons to argue against. ââ¬Å"Ian, what's yours?â⬠ââ¬Å"We need Wanda here.â⬠Firm, short-he was copying me. Jeb nodded to himself. ââ¬Å"That's a tricky one. Wanda, why should I agree with you?â⬠ââ¬Å"If it were you, you'd want your body back. You can't deny Melanie that.â⬠ââ¬Å"Ian?â⬠Jeb asked. ââ¬Å"We have to look at the greater good, Jeb. Wanda's already brought us more health and security than we've ever had. She's vital to the survival of our community-of the entire human race. One person can't stand in the way of that.â⬠He's right. Nobody asked you. Jared spoke up. ââ¬Å"Wanda, what does Mel say?â⬠Ha, Mel said. I stared into Jared's eyes, and the strangest thing happened. All the melting and melding I had just been through was shoved aside, into the smallest part of my body, the little corner that I took up physically. The rest of me yearned toward Jared with the same desperate, half-crazed hunger I'd felt since the first time I'd seen him here. This body barely belonged to me or to Melanie-it belonged to him. There really wasn't room enough for the two of us in here. ââ¬Å"Melanie wants her body back. She wants her life back.â⬠Liar. Tell them the truth. No. ââ¬Å"Liar,â⬠Ian said. ââ¬Å"I can see you arguing with her. I'll bet she agrees with me. She's a good person. She knows how much we need you.â⬠ââ¬Å"Mel knows everything I know. She'll be able to help you. And the Healer's host. She knows more than I ever did. You'll be fine. You were fine before I was here. You'll survive, just like before.â⬠Jeb blew out a puff of air, frowning. ââ¬Å"I don't know, Wanda. Ian's got a point.â⬠I glared at the old man and saw that Jared was doing the same. I looked away from that standoff to level a grim glance at Doc. Doc met my eyes, and his face clenched with pain. He understood the reminder I was giving him. He'd promised. This tribunal didn't overrule that. Ian was watching Jared-he didn't see our silent exchange. ââ¬Å"Jeb,â⬠Jared protested. ââ¬Å"There's only one decision here. You know that.â⬠ââ¬Å"Is there, kid? Seems to me there's a whole barrel of 'em.â⬠ââ¬Å"That's Melanie's body!â⬠ââ¬Å"And Wanda's, too.â⬠Jared choked on his response and had to start over. ââ¬Å"You can't leave Mel trapped in there-it's like murder, Jeb.â⬠Ian leaned forward into the light, his face suddenly furious again. ââ¬Å"And what is it that you're doing to Wanda, Jared? And the rest of us, if you take her away?â⬠ââ¬Å"You don't care about the rest of anybody! You just want to keep Wanda at Melanie's expense-nothing else matters to you.â⬠ââ¬Å"And you want to have Melanie at Wanda's expense-nothing else matters to you! So, with those things being equal, it comes down to what's best for everyone else.â⬠ââ¬Å"No! It comes down to what Melanie wants! That's her body!â⬠They were both crouched halfway between sitting and standing now, their fists clenched and their faces twisted with rage. ââ¬Å"Cool it, boys! Cool it right now,â⬠Jeb ordered. ââ¬Å"This is a tribunal, and we're going to stay calm and keep our heads. We've got to think about every side.â⬠ââ¬Å"Jeb -â⬠Jared began. ââ¬Å"Shut up.â⬠Jeb chewed on his lip for a while. ââ¬Å"Okay, here's how I see it. Wanda's right -ââ¬Å" Ian lurched to his feet. ââ¬Å"Hold it! Sit yourself back down. Let me finish.â⬠Jeb waited until Ian, the tendons standing out in his taut neck, stiffly returned to a seated position. ââ¬Å"Wanda is right,â⬠Jeb said. ââ¬Å"Mel needs her body back. But,â⬠he added quickly when Ian tensed again, ââ¬Å"but I don't agree with the rest, Wanda. I think we need you pretty bad, kid. We got Seekers out there lookin' for us, and you can talk right to 'em. The rest of us can't do that. You save lives. I got to think about the welfare of my household.â⬠Jared spoke through his teeth. ââ¬Å"So we get her another body. Obviously.â⬠Doc's crumpled face lifted. Jeb's white caterpillar eyebrows touched his hairline. Ian's eyes widened and his lips pursed. He stared at me, consideringâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"No! No!â⬠I shook my head frantically. ââ¬Å"Why not, Wanda?â⬠Jeb asked. ââ¬Å"Don't sound like a half-bad idea to me.â⬠I swallowed and took a deep breath so my voice wouldn't turn hysterical. ââ¬Å"Jeb. Listen to me carefully, Jeb. I am tired of being a parasite. Can you understand that? Do you think I want to go into another body and have this start all over again? Do I have to feel guilty forever for taking someone's life away from them? Do I have to have someone else hate me? I'm barely a soul anymore-I love you brutish humans too much. It's wrong for me to be here, and I hate feeling that.â⬠I took another breath and spoke through the tears that were falling now. ââ¬Å"And what if things change? What if you put me in some-one else, steal another life, and it goes wrong? What if that body pulls me after some other love, back to the souls? What if you can't trust me anymore? What if I betray you next time? I don't want to hurt you!â⬠The first part was the pure and unadorned truth, but I was lying wildly through the second. I hoped they wouldn't hear that. It would help that the words were barely coherent, my tears turned to sobs. I would never hurt them. What had happened to me here was permanent, a part of the very atoms that made up my small body. But maybe, if I gave them a reason to fear me, they would more easily accept what had to be. And my lies worked, for once. I caught the worried glance Jared and Jeb exchanged. They hadn't thought of that-of my becoming untrustworthy, becoming a danger. Ian was already moving to put his arms around me. He dried my tears against his chest. ââ¬Å"It's okay, honey. You don't have to be anyone else. Nothing's going to change.â⬠ââ¬Å"Hold on, Wanda,â⬠Jeb said, his shrewd eyes suddenly sharper. ââ¬Å"How does going to one of those other planets help you? You'll still be a parasite, kid.â⬠Ian flinched around me at the harsh word. And I flinched also, because Jeb was too insightful, as always. They waited for my answer, all but Doc, who knew what the real answer was. The one I wouldn't give. I tried to say only true things. ââ¬Å"It's different on other planets, Jeb. There isn't any resistance. And the hosts themselves are different. They aren't as individualized as humans, their emotions are so much milder. It doesn't feel like stealing a life. Not like it feels here. No one will hate me. And I'd be too far away to hurt you. You'd be saferâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ The last part sounded too much like the lie it was, so I let my voice trail off. Jeb stared at me through narrowed eyes, and I looked away. I tried not to look at Doc, but I couldn't help one brief glance, to make sure he understood. His eyes locked on mine, clearly miserable, and I knew that he did. As I quickly lowered my gaze, I caught Jared staring at Doc. Had he seen the silent communication? Jeb sighed. ââ¬Å"This isâ⬠¦ a pickle.â⬠His face turned into a grimace as he concentrated on the dilemma. ââ¬Å"Jeb -â⬠Ian and Jared said together. They both stopped and scowled at each other. This was all just a waste of time, and I had only hours. Just a few more hours, I knew that for certain now. ââ¬Å"Jeb,â⬠I said softly, my voice barely audible over the spring's gushing murmur, and everyone turned to me. ââ¬Å"You don't have to decide right now. Doc needs to check on Jodi, and I'd like to see her, too. Plus, I haven't eaten all day. Why don't you sleep on it? We can talk again tomorrow. We've got plenty of time to think about this.â⬠Lies. Could they tell? ââ¬Å"That's a good idea, Wanda. I think everyone here could use a breather. Go get some food, and we'll all sleep on it.â⬠I was very careful not to look at Doc now, even when I spoke to him. ââ¬Å"I'll be along to help with Jodi after I eat, Doc. See you later.â⬠ââ¬Å"Okay,â⬠Doc said warily. Why couldn't he keep his tone casual? He was a human-he should have been a good liar. ââ¬Å"Hungry?â⬠Ian murmured, and I nodded. I let him help me up. He latched on to my hand, and I knew he would be keeping a tight hold on me now. That didn't worry me. He slept deeply, like Jamie. As we walked from the dark room, I could feel eyes on my back, but I wasn't sure whose. Just a few more things to do. Three, to be precise. Three last deeds to be completed. First, I ate. It wouldn't be nice to leave Mel with her body uncomfortable from hunger. Besides, the food was better since I'd been raiding. Something to look forward to rather than endure. I made Ian get the food and bring it to me while I hid in the field where half-grown sprouts of wheat replaced the corn. I told Ian the truth so that he would help me: I was avoiding Jamie. I didn't want Jamie frightened by this decision. It would be harder for him than for Jared or Ian-they each took one side. Jamie loved us both; he would be more evenly torn. Ian did not argue with me. We ate in silence, his arm tight around my waist. Second, I went to see Sunny and Jodi. I expected to see three glowing cryotanks on top of Doc's desk, and I was surprised that there were still just the two Healers, set in the center. Doc and Kyle hovered over the cot where Jodi lay inert. I walked quickly to them, about to demand to know where Sunny was, but when I got closer, I saw that Kyle had an occupied cryotank cradled in one arm. ââ¬Å"You'll want to be gentle with that,â⬠I murmured. Doc was touching Jodi's wrist, counting to himself. His lips pressed into a thin line when he heard my voice, and he had to begin over again. ââ¬Å"Yeah, Doc told me that,â⬠Kyle said, his gaze never leaving Jodi's face. A dark, matched set of bruises was forming under his eyes. Was his nose broken again? ââ¬Å"I'm being careful. I justâ⬠¦ didn't want to leave her alone over there. She was so sad and soâ⬠¦ sweet.â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm sure she'd appreciate it, if she knew.â⬠He nodded, still staring at Jodi. ââ¬Å"Is there something I'm supposed to be doing here? Is there some way to help?â⬠ââ¬Å"Talk to her, say her name, talk about things she'll remember. Talk about Sunny, even. That helped with the Healer's host.â⬠ââ¬Å"Mandy,â⬠Doc corrected. ââ¬Å"She says it's not exactly right, but it's close.â⬠ââ¬Å"Mandy,â⬠I repeated. Not that I would need to remember. ââ¬Å"Where is she?â⬠ââ¬Å"With Trudy-that was a good call there. Trudy's exactly the right person. I think she's gotten her to sleep.â⬠ââ¬Å"That's good. Mandy will be okay.â⬠ââ¬Å"I hope so.â⬠Doc smiled, but it didn't affect his gloomy expression much. ââ¬Å"I've got lots of questions for her.â⬠I looked at the small woman-it was still impossible to believe that she was older than the body I wore. Her face was slack and vacant. It frightened me a little-she'd been so vibrantly alive when Sunny was inside. Would Melâ⬠¦? I'm still here. I know. You'll be fine. Like Lacey. She winced, and so did I. Never like Lacey. I touched Jodi's arm softly. She was much like Lacey in some ways. Olive skinned and black haired and tiny. They could almost be sisters, except that Jodi's sweet, wan face could never look so repellent. Kyle was tongue-tied, holding her hand. ââ¬Å"Like this, Kyle,â⬠I said. I brushed her arm again. ââ¬Å"Jodi? Jodi, can you hear me? Kyle's waiting for you, Jodi. He got himself in a lot of trouble getting you here-everybody who knows him wants to beat him senseless.â⬠I grinned wryly at the big man, and his lips curled up at the corners, though he didn't look up to see my smile. ââ¬Å"Not that you're surprised to hear that,â⬠Ian said beside me. ââ¬Å"When hasn't that been the case, eh, Jodi? It's good to see you again, sweetheart. Though I wonder if you feel the same way. Must have been a nice break to get rid of this idiot for so long.â⬠Kyle hadn't noticed his brother was there, attached like a vise to my hand, until Ian spoke. ââ¬Å"You remember Ian, of course. Never has managed to catch up to me in anything, but he keeps trying. Hey, Ian,â⬠Kyle added, never moving his eyes, ââ¬Å"you got anything you want to say to me?â⬠ââ¬Å"Not really.â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm waiting for an apology.â⬠ââ¬Å"Keep waiting.â⬠ââ¬Å"Can you believe he kicked me in the face, Jodes? For no reason at all.â⬠ââ¬Å"Who needs an excuse, eh, Jodi?â⬠It was oddly pleasant, the banter between the brothers. Jodi's presence kept it light and teasing. Gentle and funny. I would have woken up for this. If I were her, I would have been smiling already. ââ¬Å"Keep it up, Kyle,â⬠I murmured. ââ¬Å"That's just right. She'll come around.â⬠I wished I would get to meet her, to see what she was like. I could only picture Sunny's expressions. What would it be like for everyone here, meeting Melanie for the first time? Would it seem the same to them, as if there were no difference? Would they really grasp that I was gone, or would Melanie simply fill the role I had? Maybe they would find her entirely different. Maybe they would have to adjust to her all over again. Maybe she would fit in the way I never had. I pictured her, which was picturing me, the center of a crowd of friendly faces. Pictured us with Freedom in our arms and all the humans who had never trusted me smiling with welcome. Why did that bring tears to my eyes? Was I really so petty? No, Mel assured me. And they'll miss you-of course they will. All the best people here will feel your loss. She seemed to finally accept my decision. Not accept, she disagreed. I just can't see any way to stop you. And I can feel how close it is. I'm scared, too. Isn't that funny? I'm absolutely terrified. That makes two of us. ââ¬Å"Wanda?â⬠Kyle said. ââ¬Å"Yes?â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm sorry.â⬠ââ¬Å"Umâ⬠¦ why?â⬠ââ¬Å"For trying to kill you,â⬠he said casually. ââ¬Å"Guess I was wrong.â⬠Ian gasped. ââ¬Å"Please tell me you have some kind of recording device available, Doc.â⬠ââ¬Å"Nope. Sorry, Ian.â⬠Ian shook his head. ââ¬Å"This moment should be preserved. I never thought I'd live to see the day that Kyle O'Shea would admit to being wrong. C'mon, Jodi. That ought to shock you awake.â⬠ââ¬Å"Jodi, baby, don't you want to defend me? Tell Ian I never have been wrong before.â⬠He chuckled. That was nice. It was nice to know that I'd earned Kyle's acceptance before I left. I hadn't expected that much. There was no more I could do here. There was no point in lingering. Jodi would either come back or she would not, but neither outcome would change my path now. So I proceeded to my third and final deed: I lied. I stepped away from the cot, took a deep breath, and stretched my arms. ââ¬Å"I'm tired, Ian,â⬠I said. Was it really a lie? It didn't sound so false. It had been a long, long day, this, my last day. I'd been up all night, I realized. I hadn't slept since that last raid; I must have been exhausted. Ian nodded. ââ¬Å"I'll bet you are. Did you stay up with the Heal-with Mandy all night?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah.â⬠I yawned. ââ¬Å"Have a nice night, Doc,â⬠Ian said, pulling me toward the exit. ââ¬Å"Good luck, Kyle. We'll be back in the morning.â⬠ââ¬Å"Night, Kyle,â⬠I murmured. ââ¬Å"See you, Doc.â⬠Doc glowered at me, but Ian's back was to him, and Kyle was staring at Jodi. I returned Doc's glare with a steady gaze. Ian walked with me through the black tunnel, saying nothing. I was glad he wasn't in the mood for conversation. I wouldn't have been able to concentrate on it. My stomach was twisting and turning, wringing itself into strange contortions. I was done, all my tasks accomplished. I only had to wait a bit now and not fall asleep. Tired as I was, I didn't think that would be a problem. My heart was pounding like a fist hitting my ribs from the inside. No more stalling. It had to be tonight, and Mel knew that, too. What had happened today with Ian had shown me that. The longer I stayed, the more tears and arguments and fights I would cause. The better the chance that I or someone else would slip up and Jamie would find out the truth. Let Mel explain it after the fact. It would be better that way. Thanks so much, Mel thought; her words flowed fast, in a burst, her fear marring her sarcasm. Sorry. You don't mind too much? She sighed. How can I mind? I'd do anything you asked me to, Wanda. Take care of them for me. I would have done that anyway. Ian, too. If he'll let me. I've got a feeling he might not like me so much. Even if he won't let you. I'll do whatever I can for him, Wanda. I promise. Ian paused in the hall outside the red and gray doors to his room. He raised his eyebrows, and I nodded. Let him think I was still hiding from Jamie. That was true, too. Ian slid the red door aside, and I went straight to the mattress on the right. I balled up there, knotting my shaking hands in front of my hammering heart, trying to hide them behind my knees. Ian curled around me, holding me close to his chest. This would have been fine-I knew that he would end up sprawled out in all directions when he was really asleep-except that he could feel my trembling. ââ¬Å"It's going to be fine, Wanda. I know we'll find a solution.â⬠ââ¬Å"I truly love you, Ian.â⬠It was the only way I could tell him goodbye. The only way he would accept. I knew he would remember later and understand. ââ¬Å"With my whole soul, I love you.â⬠ââ¬Å"I truly love you, too, my Wanderer.â⬠He nuzzled his face against mine until he found my lips, then he kissed me, slow and gentle, the flow of molten rock swelling languidly in the dark at the center of the earth, until my shaking slowed. ââ¬Å"Sleep, Wanda. Save it for tomorrow. It will keep for the night.â⬠I nodded, moving my face against his, and sighed. Ian was tired, too. I didn't have to wait long. I stared at the ceiling-the stars had moved above the cracks here. I could see three of them now, where before there had been only two. I watched them wink and pulse across the blackness of space. They did not call to me. I had no desire to join them. One at a time, Ian's arms fell away from me. He flopped onto his back, muttering in his sleep. I didn't dare wait any longer; I wanted too badly to stay, to fall asleep with him and steal one more day. I moved cautiously, but he was in no danger of waking. His breathing was heavy and even. He wouldn't open his eyes till morning. I brushed his smooth forehead with my lips, then rose and slid out the door. It was not late, and the caves were not empty. I could hear voices bouncing around, strange echoes that might have been coming from anywhere. I didn't see anyone until I was in the big cave. Geoffrey, Heath, and Lily were on their way back from the kitchen. I kept my eyes down, though I was very glad to see Lily. In the brief glimpse I allowed myself, I could see that she was at least standing upright, her shoulders straight. Lily was tough. Like Mel. She'd make it, too. I hurried to the southern corridor, relieved when I was safe in the blackness there. Relieved and horrified. It was really over now. I'm so afraid, I whimpered. Before Mel could respond, a heavy hand dropped on my shoulder from the darkness. ââ¬Å"Going somewhere?ââ¬
Friday, September 13, 2019
Analytical Comparison of Attachment Theory and Cognitive Theory on Essay
Analytical Comparison of Attachment Theory and Cognitive Theory on Children's Behaviour - Essay Example 46). Such factors may be related to the childââ¬â¢s immediate environment during the early stages of growth, emotional attachments to the childââ¬â¢s care givers, social relations with friends and peers, and factors related to the childââ¬â¢s cognition. Over time, the knowledge of the factors influencing behaviour has enabled policymakers to formulate policies and programs that promote better development of childrenââ¬â¢s behaviour in different sectors. This paper seeks to examine both the Attachment Theory and Cognitive Theory with the aim of relating the theories to childrenââ¬â¢s behaviour. Description of Attachment Theory and Cognitive Theory The attachment theory asserts that children begin to develop psychological attachment to the first people they relate with, and knowledge acquired through such attachments influences their behavioural development (Inge 1992, p. 38). As such, the theory affirms that a positive parent-child relationship during the early stages o f child growth and development is essential, since it influences the future behaviour of the child in later stages of life. The nature of the relationship between the child and the care giver during the early stages of growth determines the nature of the childââ¬â¢s character, personality, and behaviour in later years (Inge 1992, p. 38). ... 38). Cognitive theory associates behaviour with the mental processes, asserting that people make choices according to how they perceive and understand different situations in their lives (Doherty & Hughes 2009, p.39). Cognitive theory advances that human behaviour is not solely based on reflex, or cause and effect, but people make conscious and logical choices to undertake particular actions depending on their understanding of the situations. As such, the theory argues that people do not act merely for the need to react to scenarios in their immediate environments, but rather they act to respond to their mental and psychological processes which term their actions as logical and necessary (Dowling 2009, p.121). The exposure of children to environments with different experiences influences their behavioural development, since such exposure requires the children to behave differently in different situations (Chesnay & Anderson 2011, p.3). Analysis in relation to current policies, strate gies, and legislations Attachment theory Different policies, strategies, and legislation have been formulated and adopted in programs aimed at promoting proper children growth and development, particularly in relation to childrenââ¬â¢s behaviour. Understanding of the influence of the attachment theory and cognitive theory in childrenââ¬â¢s behaviour has led to the formulation of Every Child Matters, an arrangement that seeks to ensure that all children are considered in the services provided by statutory, voluntary, or private providers (Gargiulo 2010, p.43). Children with avoidant attachment characteristics are largely antisocial and independent in most of their activities,
Thursday, September 12, 2019
The Rise of Universities by Charles Homer Haskins Essay
The Rise of Universities by Charles Homer Haskins - Essay Example On the one hand, a university represented a traditional craft-type corporation (universitas), which brought together people of a specific occupation type.à At the same time, the internal organization of universities hold quite an unusual, for that sort of corporations, position - it was given the certain features of republicanism: all full-fledged ââ¬Å"citizensâ⬠had the right to elect and be elected to various university positions. According to some researchers, the earliest university in Medieval Europe was the one in Salerno.à It was developing on the basis of the oldest medical school of Salerno, the first mention of which dates back to 197 A.D. The Hippocratic community (civitas Hippocratica), which existed there, preserved and developed the best of the ancient medical heritage.à Salerno medical school, as one of the largest educational centers, was known until 1812.à However, it did not become the university.à Mainly, because the school did not teach on the sam e high level (as medicine) all the remaining subjects.à The named above reason accounts for the fact that itââ¬â¢s considered that the most ancient European universities are the ones in Bologna, which was founded at the end of the 11th century, and Paris ââ¬â the 12th century.à The named universities, although formed almost simultaneously, differed in their internal structure and epitomized the two main types of universities in Medieval Europe.à The first (Bologna) university developed as the major centre for study of Roman law in Western Europe.à According to contemporaries,à in theà early 13th century, more thanà 10à thousand peopleà from all overà Europe studied inà Bologna.à The famous Bologneseà professorsà had so manyà listenersà that hadà to lectureà outside, in the streets.à Almostà all the languagesà of Europe wereà represented there.à The university becameà known a global one.à It was Bologna, whereà for the firs t timeà appeared theà so-called fraternities. It grew up on the basis of urban secular schools (School of Glossators) and was the organization of students.à This means that the student guilds arrogated to themselves the right to manage the entire process of university life.à Teachers of the University of Bologna were denied the right to vote at university meetings; the entire training process took place under the strict supervision of students and professors could be fined for violations of academic activity. But especially famous in Medieval Europe was the University of Paris ââ¬â Sinai of education.à Not without reason there was a common saying in those days - in Italy - the papacy, in Germany - the Emperor, in France ââ¬â the University.à It had about seven thousand people, which included not only teachers and students, but operational staff as well (booksellers, scribes of manuscripts, makers of parchment, pens, ink powder, apothecaries, innkeepers and moneyl enders, who lend money to schoolmen and teachers).à Unlike the University of Bologna, it was controlled by associations of teachers, not schoolmen.à But those were not just teacher - students of senior faculties, who managed to complete the preparatory faculty (foundation studies).à They were both Masters of the seven Liberal Arts and students.à Naturally, they began to oppose themselves to other teachers, schoolies and townspeople, claiming to determine their status.à In 1215 ended the struggle for autonomy of the University of Paris against the bishop.à Paris masters received the support of the Pope, however, for that they were
Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9
Project Management - Essay Example In essence, a project must be temporary, has defined the scope of period, has goals, should be completed using minimum resources and should produce an intangible or physical product/service (Mir and Pinnington, P211). A construction permit or license is usually required while constructing or demolishing a garage or a shed that is larger than 200 square feet in area and higher than 10 feet. In this project, there will be no requirement for the permit since it requires approximately 30-meter square area and 8 feet high. Architectural design planning is the first step in building a garage since it involves an architectural drawing on how the garage shall appear. Drawing helps the engineer to come up with different designs and make necessary adjustments to meet the consumer preference. The architectural design provides all the necessary layout of the structure, including exact building dimensions and 3D appearance once completed. During this phase the need of the user is taken into great consideration; this is achieved by asking the consumer to state how he/she would wish the garage to be in relation to the main house. The client can provide a verbal or written description according to the preference , and if possible, the designer can visit the consumers home to assess the practicality of the customerââ¬â¢s specification. After the design is complete and the customer is satisfied, the next step is to perform cost evaluation to check how much it will cost in building the whole project. This stage is very imperative since the building materials must be bought for full completion of the project. The customer is advised accordingly on how to cut cost by using alternative materials. Both the construction team and the client set the period for project completion since a project must be completed within a defined period. To complete the proposed structure the following shall be required: Materials for the foundation include Sand, gravel, concrete, wire
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Proposal - Essay Example Therefore, evidence-based practice means combining clinical experience of an individual with the external clinical evidence and this will be able to produce the best evidence, one that is effective in patients care. In this case, the nursing problem uncovered is whether using IVs for procedures gives a positive patient experience compared to the numbing agent. In evidence-based practice, the use of new knowledge and being able to access that knowledge is essential (Mulhall, 1998). Despite several models being developed for the healthcare givers during practice, they still have difficulties in combining the empirical evidence with evidence based changes into practice. To solve this problem practitioners have been provided with a model that guide them through the entire process of being able to change to evidence-based practice and this begins with the assessment of the need for the change to the integration of an evidence-based protocol (Mulhall, 1998). Change plan overview According to Rosswurm and Larrabee (1999), we have six steps that are considered. The first step to be considered is assessing the need for change. Practitioners may only be interested in change if only they become aware of patients preferences, dissatisfactions, quality improvement data, their questions and the evaluation data. In this step, practitioners are required to collect internal data and then be able to compare with external data. When this data indicate a problem, then they will be forced to choose a stakeholder who will be involved in identifying clearly where the problem is. After which the practitioners will examine the internal data and use it to assess the requirement for a change in practice. If information is inadequate, it will be necessary to collect extra data so as to identify a problem (Titler., Kleiber, Stelman, Goode and Buckwalter, 1994). The second step involves linking problem with interventions and outcomes. In this step, practitioners are required to explain the problem using the language of standardized classification and then be able to link this problem with classification of interventions and outcomes. These classifications help to identify the concepts of science and knowledge that is organized. In this case, the use of Lidocaine or normal saline intradermally will be considered as an intervention and English language will be used to explain the process. According to research done by Beck et al (2011) who was comparing pain perceived during intravenous catheter insertion after injection with various local anesthetics, his major aim being to find out whether the anesthetics are effective. This study would then help the researcher to quantify data. This step also helps in facilitating communications between practitioners, and setting standards for showing the effectiveness and cost of care and being able to identify resources needed (Rosswurm and Larrabee, 1999). The third step is simply synthesizing best evidence. This step involves ref inery of selected interventions and outcomes. This is whereby the best research evidence is synthesized, and then it is combined with clinical judgment data. According to the research done, the best evidence is according to Brown (2003) who was using Lidocaine for peripheral IV insertions and the purpose of this research was to find out the patients preferenc
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
Religion as the Source of Inspiration Research Paper
Religion as the Source of Inspiration - Research Paper Example The organization of groups into identifiable sectors within society has been placed to compose a movement. These have been in the form of cult or religion and other organized groups where ideology is shared and desires fulfilled. Of the organized groups to follow a unified theme, religion has been the most outstanding. Durkheim, Cladis and Cosman (2001) define religion as a set of beliefs that bring individuals together towards acknowledgement of the existence of a supernatural being. These beliefs have aided the development of positive virtues within the society an offer support during the difficult challenges subjected upon societal members. Societies and groups have been identified based on their variable religious affiliations. Other societies have been developed based on the shared belief and practices. In religion, individuals complete variable practices for the satisfaction of the rules within the set trend. Religion has existed within the continents for decades linking the pr actices to the behavioral adaptation of the members. Various religions present different practices and identity. The common example is found in the difference accorded in Christianity and Islam religion that depict varied theories and practices. Religion serves as the basis of articulating unanswered questions to clarify the foundation of existence and the larger society. Despite the variations that have been depicted in variable religious beliefs, religion has served as the sole purpose of presenting unity and the source of unanswered questions to humanity. Religion has been the source of inspiration and answers in society for decades. The belief in the existence of a superior power has instilled discipline in societies satisfying breaking the tension in war and corruption. The idea presented that there is an uttermost power providing security rejuvenates the human desire to belong to a particular setting. However, the religious affiliations existing within the society have been pr esented to hold varied norms. Governments and the rules holding the existence of humanity within the set society have been formed based on the dominant religion. The most dominant religion has been Christianity in America and Europe, while Islam and Buddhism have composed the provision presented in Asia. Without the set of beliefs, the formed governments would be destabilized, and the need to find freedom would be affected. The involvement within the religious setting has brought peace and developed the needed faith to overcome the challenges within the society. The hope presented in eternity has been the most striking with humanity accorded the purpose to live their current lives. All of the religious groups offer the opportunity to develop the idea for continuity. There is the conviction in that which is not visible and the pillar of belief centered on a common figure. Although Islam and Christianity consider the existence of a solitary being, the other world religions have been b ased on the need to have a life after the one within the modern earth. Those that lack the faith to belong to a religion have been considered outcasts with little definition to the life lived in the current society. Religion has been the ability possessed by the social groups to possess the belief in the unseen. Various religions present different meanings to the defining attributes of the supernatural beings. The leading world religions have been based on historical evidence of the creators of the set virtues. The belief in each religion has been presented to be contained in the basis found in their formation. Christianity that is the dominant world religion has been based on the existence
Monday, September 9, 2019
Remedies and restitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Remedies and restitution - Essay Example Pippa could also sue Frank because of having suggested to her that she do something illegal by basically bribing the Council with monies for the townââ¬â¢s visitor centre in exchange for the licence needed to have the Grand Prix off-track go-cart race. The Council could also be sued for having taken the bribe, although Pippa might also get in trouble for having taken the bribe. Pippa might be able to sue Rolling Hills for not having investigated the land well enough to have avoided the fact that there was a colony of rare beetles living in the forestââ¬âwhich should have been surveyed by the company of Rolling Hills prior to the project. Pippa may lawfully ask for the money she made to Hughes & Co. as a down payment because they didnââ¬â¢t start any of the work yet. Wing Nuts may not be liable beause they did not sign a contract of any sort. Rather, it was a booking made by a secretary who was in chargeââ¬âand was not necessarily the express wishes of several of the peo ple who were club members with Wing Nuts. Julian, however, may be at fault for his hasty booking of the Wing Nuts group without some kind of formal signed contract committing the group to come to the Grand Prix. So, in other words, Pippa is going to be very busy trying to figure out how she is going to proceed in the future, seeing as how she still has to find out what to do next considering the fact that her go-cart race is now not going to happenââ¬âat least not in the near future or where she had been planning to have it. Thus, Pippa will definitely have to make alternate arrangements for the future. Consulting Suzi van Blick. This discusses what Suzi should do. This section will discuss what Suzi can claim against who and under what, what remedy can she get under each claim. Suzi may be able to reclaim damages from Pippa for having been contracted to build the track for the go-cart race. However, that having been said, if Pippa can claim that it was not her fault that she di dnââ¬â¢t know that there were rare beetles living in the forest, that may be Pippaââ¬â¢s way of getting out of having to pay Suzi van Blick all of the money that she put into the project that was spent. Thus, it could be proven that Suzi van Blick did not thoroughly and fully investigate and have the land surveyed well enough in order to have discovered the rare beetle colony. She may sue the GreenField environmental group for having ruined the project, because it was majorly because of their protests that the go-cart project was shut down. Thus, she has sufficient cause to protest. Why she can do this is because GreenField could have petitioned the council that the rare beetles be moved to a different locale with the help of local entomologists. However, instead of doing that, GreenField insisted that the beetles be left alone, thus rendering the entire go-cart project useless. Suzi could claim damages, although it is not likely she would have a strong case against GreenField . In fact, Suzi might come under fire for having misrepresented the scope of what Rolling Hills as a company could actually provide in terms of services, when it was really also Hughes & Co. that helped build certain things along the tracks, like pitstops and so forth. In sum, Suzi does not really have many
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