Social Informatics

2006Question 1The following four characteristics are common to all(a) shapingsCommon shutting : All individuals in the organization are progress toing towards achieving a common goalCoordination of effort : The formulation and enforcement of policies rules and regulations ensure the attainment of this characteristicHierarchy of theatrical role : Otherwise known as Chain of Command , this detect mechanism ensures that the right people are doing the right things at the right time . The integrity of this characteristic is maintained by adhering to the Unity of Command principleDivision of labor : This occurs when individuals performing separate unless related tasks pursue a common goalQuestion 2The difference amongst decipher and staff positions is that the former perform tasks that are strategical in nature while the latter perform tactical tasks . contention managers occupy formal decision-making positions within the chain of leave pop while staff personnel do background expect and provide technical advice and recommendations to their line managersQuestion 3Closed Systems are likened to traditional multitude or windup(prenominal) systems . They are self-sufficient entities and largely shorten environmental exercisesOpen Systems , on the other hand , are likened to the newer influence systems- biologic and cognitive . They emphasize interaction between organizations and their environmentsQuestion 4The organisational metaphors presented in this learning include military or mechanical , biological and cognitive . They help us better image complex organizations oddly as the military /mechanical mannikin , which was successful for the older narrowly , fructifyd jobs begin to leave out the modern organization . The application of the biological and cognitive manikin in right away s or ganizations are able to produce goods and se! rvice and at the homogeneous time be cognitive of the environmental opportunities and obstaclesQuestion 5Lawler s eight substitutes for pecking order include work design development systems technology , financial data , reward system practices supplier-customer arrive at , bringing up , vision /values and emergent leadership .

These substitutes ordure shrivel or eliminate the need for direct supervisory keep back , which would involve the twelve functions of motivating , record safekeeping , organize , assigning work , making personnel decisions , providing expertness , climb goals , planning linking communications , training /coa ching , direct and exacting Lawler notes that the traits embedded in the eight substitutes technology , work mutualness , work complexity and required knowledge clear influence the opportunities for adopting an organizational nuzzle that is based on minimal hierarchy and high involvement and thereby enable caution of immediately s flatter organizationsQuestion 6Kreitner and Klinicki define organizational effectiveness as the fulfilment of the four generic criteria of goal accomplishment imagination scholarship (healthy ) internal processes and strategic constituencies satisfaction . They choose this comment amid the divers(a) available definitions because it applies equally well to large or teeny-weeny and profit or non-profit organizationsQuestion 7Experts recommend a multidimensional approach to organizational effectiveness because no single meter applies to all stages of the organizational lifecycle , neither will any get along together competing stakeholders . A m ix and match approach is interpreted by well-managed ! organization to suit the unique requirements of the organization . In to define these unique requirements , the strategic team provides input and this...If you desire to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

If you want to get a full essay, visit our page: write my paper